Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is one of two types of pancreatitis, the other being chronic pancreatitis. The primary difference between these is that acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly for a short period of time.

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, an organ which has a variety of purposes including the secretion of insulin and glucagons, as well as digestive enzymes for the stomach. It is these digestive enzymes which cause the illness. Under normal circumstances they only become active once they are in the stomach, but sometimes they activate whilst still inside the pancreas which causes them to start digesting the pancreas itself.

Pancreatitis can result in some serious problems including bleeding and infection. It can also give rise to pseudocysts which are formed from excess debris and fluids resulting from the illness. Even though acute pancreatitis is not as severe as chronic pancreatitis, it can still be severe and even life-threatening.

Causes of Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is more common in men than in women and is most commonly cause by either gallstones or alcohol. However, in some cases neither of these is the cause and further investigation is required.

Symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis

Pain in the upper abdomen is usually the first symptom of acute pancreatitis. This may be severe from the beginning, or sometimes worsens with time or after food consumption. Nausea, fever, vomiting, and a rapid pulse are all further symptoms of the illness.

Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis

The treatments vary depending on how serious a case is. It is necessary for patients to stay in hospital even in milder cases in order to have intravenous fluid replacement. In more serious cases a longer stay may be necessary, sometimes of up to six weeks, for intravenous feeding whilst the pancreas heals. After recovery the doctor will decide the best course of action to prevent any future occurrences of the illness.