Adenoid Infections and Tonsilitis

The tissue that makes up both the tonsils and adenoids is similar to the tissue that makes the lymph nodes, and they are all types of glandular tissue around the throat. The adenoids are found behind the roof of the mouth and the nose, not visible through the mouth. The tonsils are visible, and are the masses of tissue found at either side of the back of the throat. The tonsils should both be the same size and at the same colour as the throat surrounding them.

The purpose of tonsils and adenoids is thought to be fighting any incoming bacteria, though this may only be important when we are first born. Some children who may have their tonsils or adenoids removed seemed to suffer no damage to their immune system in later life.

Problems Affecting the Tonsils and Adenoids

The most common problem with these areas is they become infected and enlarged. Tonsillitis is caused by bacteria and includes the onset of a sore throat and fever. There may also be ear pain, bad breath and drooling as well as the surface of the tonsil changing to a bright colour or with a white coating. Enlargement of the tonsils or adenoids can cause obstructions to breathing (snoring, disturbed sleep etc.).

There are varying types of tonsillitis, and strep throat may cause damage to the heart valves and kidneys. The Epstein-Barr virus causes acute mononucleosis which includes enlargements of the tonsils and lymph nodes in the neck, as well as causing tiredness. This cannot be treated by antibiotics. Chronic tonsillitis is a persistent infection of the kind described above, which can lead to pockets in the tonsils that hold bacteria.

A peritonsillar abscess is when pus forms behind the tonsils, pushing them closer to the uvula. This often leads to difficulty in opening the mouth, and the infection may spread into the neck causing complications that may be fatal.