Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration is a disease which affects the eyes. It is typically connected with aging and is one of the most common causes of vision loss in North America. Macular degeneration causes gradual loss of central vision. This is the sharp vision which we require to clearly see objects and it is important in many daily tasks which we take for granted such as driving.

Vision can worsen at both high rates and slower rates. In some cases the decrease in quality of vision occurs so slowly that it goes unrecognized for a long time. Advanced cases of macular degeneration can mean loss of vision.

Types of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

There are two types of age-related macular degeneration: wet and dry. Wet AMD occurs when blood vessels start to grow beneath the macula. Due to their frailty these blood vessels tend to bleed or release other fluids which result in the macula being pushed out of position. This type of AMD can advance rapidly.

Dry AMD is the term used to describe light sensitive cells, which are found in the macula, breaking down. As more of these cells break down, central vision begins to worsen. The cause of this condition is not known, and it can effect one or both eyes.

Symptoms of AMD

AMD does not cause any pain. With dry AMD there are various signs such as blurred vision which often improves in brighter light, as well as experiencing a blind spot in the middle of the field of view. Wet AMD often causes straight lines to look wavy. In wet AMD it is again possible to experience a loss of vision in the centre of the field of view.

Treatment

AMD may be treated with laser surgery. It may also be treated with eye injections, or with photodynamic therapy. However, this is not a cure, and the disease may continue to worsen in spite of treatment.