AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV, AIDS))

HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, is what later develops into AIDS disease and is present in the blood and genital secretions of those infected with HIV. HIV is spread by these secretions coming into contact with areas such as the mouth, eyes, breaks in the skin, vagina and anus. The most common ways HIV spreads is through sharing of needles, infections from mothers to newborns and sexual contact. Spread of the disease should be prevented by abstinence from sex until both partners have been tested negative for HIV (taking up to 6 months), or using latex barriers.

There is little evidence to show that HIV is caused by exposure such as in the home/ workplace, or through kissing. There may be slight risks by sharing razors, toothbrushes or anything else that may cause bleeding due to the fact that large amounts of the virus are contained in blood.

What are the Symptoms of AIDS?

Within 2-6 weeks of exposure to the HIV virus there will usually be a positive HIV antibody test, though this can take around 6 months in some cases. During this time, many of those infected will experience flu-like symptoms for several weeks, including fever, sore throat, swollen glands, and aching muscles.

Not all people infected with HIV develop these symptoms, and people who do will become symptom free after this phase. This means individuals can only know for sure if they are infected with HIV by being tested.

Some people will develop complications that signify the development from HIV to AIDS within a year of infection, though many will remain asymptomatic for as long as 20 years. The average progression from HIV to AIDS is within 8-10 years.

Outlook for those with AIDS/ HIV

There are many trials to reduce drug side effects, as well as new drugs being developed. There is also development of an HIV vaccine as well as ways of eliminating HIV from the body altogether. There has now been a decline in AIDS-related deaths, though many people with the disease still do not have access to expensive medications.