Albinism

Albinism is a disorder, genetically inherited from recessive alleles, that results in the partial or complete lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and hair. It affects mammals, including humans, as well as many other types of animal. Those with the condition may be referred to as ‘albino’, ‘albinistic’ or ‘someone with albinism’.

Vision Problems Associated With Albinism

The condition is associated with vision problems which cannot be corrected by wearing glasses. This is due to the fact that the retina develops abnormally, as well as having abnormal nerve connections between the eye and the brain. Diagnosis of these problems through an eye test allows for the diagnosis of albinism itself. Many with albinism have low vision and are ‘legally blind’, but the quality varies between different types of the condition. However, most are usually able to perform certain tasks such as reading without the need for Braille. Some people with the condition still drive.

Different Types of Albinism

Most people with albinism will have light skin and hair, though not all. A less common form of albinism, known as ocular albinism, involves just the eyes where the skin and hair may just be slightly lighter in comparison with other members of the family.

Some with albinism will still have slight pigment, often meaning they have better vision, and some may have no pigment at all.

Genetics of Albinism

Albinism is a hereditary condition meaning that it cannot be transmitted through any other way than through genes. The gene involved prevents the body from producing the correct amount of the pigment melanin, and this gene is inherited recessively – passed on from each parent. However, some forms occur from only one parent, or through genetic mutations.

Treatment of Albinism

There is no cure for the condition though there are measures by which those with albinism improve their lives. These include protecting the eyes from bright light and skin from sun damage. Those with ocular albinism will not need to take the same measures for the skin as those with albinism of the hair, skin and eyes (oculocutaneous albinism)